Domestic or other filter



N0. 609,769. Patented Aug. 30, |898. W. H. BARR.

DOMESTIC 0R OTHER FILTER.

(Application led Dec, 2, 1897.)

2 Sheets-Sheet I.

{No Model.)

Patented Aug. 30, i898.

w. H. BARR. DUM'ESTIC 0R OTHER FILTER.

(Application filed Dec. 2, 1897.)

LNvENroR.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

JNO Model.)

3o l, for various uses.

Nita raras ATENT GFFICE.

WILLIAM HENRY BARR, or BURY, ENGLAND.

DOMESTIC OR OTHER FILTER.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters PatentNo. 609,769, dated August 30, 1898. Application filed December'2, 1897. Serial 110.660,53. (No-model.) Patentedin England February 27,1897, No. 5,272.

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM HENRY BARR,

a subject of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and a resident of Belgrave Place, Bury, county of Lancaster, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Domestic or other Filters, for which I have received a patent in Great Britain, No. 5,272, bearing date February 27, 1897,) of which the following is a specification,

My said invention relates to improvements in domestic and other ilters for use in the filtration and purification of water, beer, cider, spirits, and other liquids'.

The object of my invention is to provide a large filtering-surface within a comparatively small space and thus obtain a lter having high efficiency without being of undue dimensions or bulk.

- My invention will be more fullyunderstood from an inspection ofthe accompanying two sheets of drawings, in which- On Sheet 1, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation,

broken in its length for want of space, of one form of my improved ilter-bed. Fig. 2 is a sectional'elevation of a modified form of the filter-bed'shown in Fig. 1.` Fig. 3 represents afurther modification of my improved filterbed. On Sheet 2, Figs. 4 and 5 show my irnproved filter-bed applied to casings suitable Referring in the `Iirst place to Fig. 1, Sheet 1, of the drawings, I provide a framework of three hollow perforated metal cylinders of decreasing diameter, placed one within the other, so as to provide annular spaces be tween the cylinders. In the drawings these cylinders are respectively marked a b c. The outer cylinder a is sweated, brazed, or otherwise suitably secured to a metallic cap d,;

formed with an annular groove d and delivery- The cylinder D is brazed or otherwise suitably secured to a metallic screwed ring e, which is screwed to the cap d, as shown.

A trough-shaped ring f is disposed at the lower ends of the cylinders a and b and 'sccured thereto by brazing or other means,

, thus closing the ends of the cylinders a l) and keeping them apart. The inner cylinder c is brazed at its upper end to a hollow screwed plug g and is also provided with a metallic ldisk h. The screwed plug g engages with -to the plug z'.

or layers of ine strong closely-woven 'cotton cloth A of suitable length, which is secured tothe cap d by means of a cord or elastic band or the like. The straining. cloth or jacket is then tucked vwithin the space between the cylinders a and b and secured to the disk h, preferably by means of an elastic ring, and from thence the cloth is disposed around the central tube c and finally secured for the outlet. The cloth or straining-jacket A is represented in the drawings by dotted lines. 4The straining-cloth is jammed bythe incoming water against the lowerside of the disk 71. The jacket of cloth A acts as a straining medium both within and without the combined cylinders a b c, the liquid being delivered through the nozzle d2, as shown by the arrows. It will thus be evident from an inspection of Fig. 1 of the drawings that by the employment of the concentric cylinders of decreasing diameter, placed one within the other, I am enabled to obtain a vastly-greater filtering area than would be possible if the cylinder ct were used alone, and this without increasing in any way the bulk or external area of the filter-bed.

It will be obvious that a greater or less number of perforated concentric cylinders, may be used, if desired. For example, two perforated metal cylinders may be used, as shown in Fig. 2. In this case a cylinder j of smaller diameter and length is secured within an outer cylinder k, so as to leave an annular space between the two cylinders. The two cylinders j k are secured together at one end by brazing or other suitable means, and'distance-pieces l are provided to'kee'p the cylinders apart. clinder is provided with a strip of perforated metal m, by means of which the inner cylinder j is secured to the wall of the outer cyl-v inder and serves to `maintain the annular space between thetwo cylinders. The strip of metal m also acts to limit the upward movementof the filter-cloth A, so as to prevent the samefrom obstructing the deliveryoutlet of the filter. .The outer cylinder is The upper end of the inner The disk h provides clearance 4 IOO ' provided with a grooved cap n, formed'with an outlet-pipe n.

The outer cylinder is covered with a layer or layers of the strainingcloth A; This cloth or straining-jacket is secured with a cord L or the like within a groove made in the cap n, secured to the outer perforated metal cylinder. The straining-jacket A' is tied up with a-cord or .thread at its other end, so as to resemble a closed sack. This free closed end is then thrust within the interior of the inner cylinder, and the cloth is of suicien't length tov reach -to the top of .the interior'cylinder j. The pressure of the liquid will jam the straining-jacket against the wallsof the inner cylinder vand metallic strip m.l In case thewater-pressure shonldfail to accomplish this a plug of loofah or other permeable material may be employed. The jacket of cloth thus acts as a strainer both from within and without-the combined cylindersj k, the'filtered water or inder. vis thus obtained than could' be accomplished f the outer cylinder 7c were used alone.

' In Fig.l 3 I show a modification which I may also use. yI provide a perforated metal deother liquid passing along the annular space between the cylinders to the delivery-orifice' provided in the closed end of the outer cyl- A greatly-increased iiltering-surface livery-tube o, around which a `spiral coil of wire p of suitably-larger diameter is secured. A straining-jacket A of cloth similar to the above is placed around the coiled wire. In

. the drawings the cloth A is shown on the lower ,coiled wire. `tube is provided with a delivery-nozzle o5 to portion of-the tube only, being removed from the upper portion lto more clearly show the perforated tube and coiled wire. A cord q secures the straining-cloth A to a grooved .disk o', carried by the delivery end of the perforated tube o, and the cord is then wound tightly between the spirals of wire p, pressing the straining-cloth A to the inner perforated tube o at these points. The loose end of the cloth is then secured to a grooved disk o2 on the end of the tube o.

straining-surface is obtained over what would be provided by the outer periphery of a cyl-` inder of equal length and diameter of the The fixed central perforated carry away the filtered liquid. Each end vof the central perforated tube may befprovided with a delivery-nozzle, if desired.

The cotton cloth used for\ straining pur'- poses may be of Vtwo kinds-,either the finest cambric or a cloth having a plush-like nap of cotton laments and 'sold as fustian cloth.

For very fine filtering purposes layers of cotton-cellulose paper pure and free from size are placed within folds of the cotton straining-cloth. y

portable.

The fabric is-` thus stretched and conducted from the pe- Y 'riphery of each metal coil p to the fixed central conducting-tube o, and a greatly-increased The-ltering cylinders or spirals after be` ing coverd with the straining-cloth are placed within a suitable outer casing, which is secured by any suitable means to the watersupply. .v 4

On Sheet 2, Fig. 4 represents one of my improved filter-beds placed within a casing suitable for domestic use. The casing consists of a tubular metallic or other body r, provided with a cover fr', which is secured to the body r bylmeans of hingedbolts fr2 and wing-nuts frs. The hinged bolts fr2 swivel upon pins .5', secured to lugs s,'c'astupon the body r, and are housed between lugs r4, formed in -the cover fr. A rubber or other resilient washer t secures a fluid-tight joint between the cover rr' and the top of the tubu- The filter-bed B .may be cleansed by flushing the same with water through the tap 'v and allowing the Water to escape'v throughv the flush-tap w, which is opened for the purpose.

Another form of casing in which'my improved ilter-beds may be used is shown in Fig. 5. This form is particularly applicable for filtering large volumes of liquid-such as water, beer, cider, or the like-and is readily A tubular casingy is suitably se- IOO curedto the platform z, which is carried upon wheels 1. Thecasing y is shown as provided with a spiral-wire filter-bed 2, constructed as already described, and which is supported at its lower end by means of acurved plate 5. More than one such filter-bed of suitable size may,however, be used within the portable casing y, and these filter-beds may be formed of concentric tubes or spiral wire, as described, or the two forms may be used in conjunction. The beer or other liquid to b e filtered isforced under pressure through the nozzle 3 to the interior of the @asin g 'y and after passing through the filter-bed 2 is delivered at the deliverynozzle 4, as indicated bythe arrows. The iilter maybe cleansed by a reverse current of water or other iuid or by introducing the nozzle of ahose-pipe within the interior of the-casing y.' I do not, however, confine myself to any particular form of casing for use with my improvedl filter-beds, as the same must be governed by circumstances and the quantity of liquid to be filtered.

Before turning on the flow of liquid Il place within the interior of the casing a quantityI of pulverized and sterilized agalite, either alone or in conjunction with porous pipe-clay or earthenware-clays, which lhave been sterilized by heat or by well-known chemical substances, either in a state of lfine powder or mixed into a thick cream along with water IIO the straining-cloth.

p or a clear portion of the liquid to be filtered,

such as cider, beer, spirits, and the like. The infiowing liquid is admitted at the base of the filter-casing, so that it takes an up-` The Water orand holding micro-organisms.

The advantage of directing the incoming Water to the filter in an upward direction is most evident when the filter has vnot been `used for some little time, as any of-the filtering medium which may fall to the bottom of the casing'is at once carried upward with the incoming liquid and forcibly carried upon The upward rush of liquid thus secures the automatic and reliable coating of the straining-cloth with the filtering medium.

Although I prefer` sterilized agalite for coating the straining-cylinder, I might also make use of a combination of several other sterile and oxidizing substances for the Asame purpose-such as agalite, porous earthenwareclays, fossil-earth, and purified animal and Wood charcoal-which are pulverized, purified, and sterilized by heat before-use. I might also use with the agalite kaolin, silica, and porous iron or any oxidizing agent.

\ The regulating tap may, if desired, be

Y placed on the delivery side of the filter-bed and maintain the coating of filtering material-undisturbed and preserve it from shock and recoil. The cylinders and spiral coils maybe cleansed in siu by a reversed current of filtered water and air or by steam. In order to secure the perfect sterility of the agalite or other ltering medium, the filter-casing may be formed as a boiler or kettlc and may be placed over -a iiame and the filtering material carried upon the strainingjacket at a temperature of boiling-point or even higher temperature, or I might place the filtering medium within a separate vessel and boil the same in Water and deliver the boiling water and filtering medium into the casing containing the filtering bed or beds.

A further method of coating the strainingbeds of cloth with a filtering medium is as follows I take a quanti ty of cel1ulos'epulp,which I briskly stir in a sufficiency of water until I obtain a cellulose-starch. I then while stirring gradually add to this cellulose-starch finely-powdered china-clay, kieselguhryagalite, or other suitable filtering or oxidizing substance, such as purified animal,or Wood charcoal. These filtering substances may be used either alone or in conjunction. By these means I obtain a stiff curdy mass, which is dried by heat and afterward rubbed into a fine powder. This powder is applied to the surface of the filter-bed by direct Water-pressure, or it may be mixed with the water and the surface of the filter-bed be coated by creating a vacuum Within the interior of the filter-casing. The finely-divided fibers of cellulose-pulp, intimately mixed as they are with the powdered filtering substance, carry and hold such filtering substance on the strainingbed. The cellulose fiber becomes felted into a covering of paper-like substance upon the straining-bed and holds the particles of clay firmlyand jams the same upon-the straining area. With such a method of coating the filter-beds, where concentricI perforated cylinders are used, as described, by constructing the cylinders of metallic gauze or finely-perforated metal, no straining-cloth would be needed. Moreover, such a filtering-surface of cellulose fibers and clays is easily washed of the filte r-bed when choked with foul matter by means of a hose-pipe directed against it, or it may be scraped od or thrown olf by a reversed current of steam, Water, or air. For domestic filters I preferto use cotton cellulose; but Where required for use on a large scale Wood cellulose can be used.

'Although I have instanced -more particularly thel filtration of drinking-water, beer, cider, and the like, it is obvious that my improved lter-bed with its increased area of straining-surface is also applicable for the 4rapid filtration and purification of'river and canal waters and also for sewage. On a large scale in case of sewage and the like the cloth jacket can be dispensed with where multiple cylinders are used. l cylinders are provided with perforations so -small that the cellulose -pulp mixed with vkieselguhr or other porous filtering-earths is thrown on with pressure by the sewage, so as to form a thin felt of paper-like substanceon the perforated surface of the cylinders.

When dealing with sewage and other foul -water of a like nature, the cellulose-pulp and i porous filtering-earths are mixed with oxidizing agents, such as the persalts of iron and persalts of manganese and lime.

Whatl claim as 'my invention is- A filter-bed for the indicated-purposes consisting of a central perforated tube around which is arranged a spiral coil of Wire upon4 which is'secured a straining-cloth or cloth and paper on the surface of which is carried and deposited a close porous coating of filtering medium arranged and acting in conjunction with a suitable casing in the manner and substantially as described. A

In witness;y whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two Witnesses.

WILLIAM HENRY BARR. Witnesses:

J osHUA ENTWISLE, ALFRED YATES.

loo

In this case the metallic IIO 

